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[[File:Flag of KPD-ML.svg|right|thumb|Flag of the [[Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist]], often used to represent Hoxhaism in general.]] | [[File:Flag of KPD-ML.svg|right|thumb|Flag of the [[Communist Party of Germany/Marxist–Leninist]], often used to represent Hoxhaism in general.]] | ||
'''Hoxhaism'''{{Efn|Albanian: ''Hoxhaizmi''.}} is a term for a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] strand of [[anti-revisionism]] which rejects [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Maoism]] as [[Revisionism|revisionist]] and maintains firm adherence to the teachings of [[Joseph Stalin]]. [[Enver Hoxha]], its namesake, is cited as the founder of this tendency, although he always maintained firmed adherence to Marxist–Leninist teachings and did not seek to create a new tendency. The term "Hoxhaism" is mostly used by outsiders, with "Hoxhaists" seldom using the term itself and largely identifying with anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninism. | '''Hoxhaism'''{{Efn|Albanian: ''Hoxhaizmi''.}} is a term for a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] strand of [[anti-revisionism]] which rejects [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Maoism]] as [[Revisionism|revisionist]] and maintains firm adherence to the teachings of [[Joseph Stalin]]. [[Enver Hoxha]], its namesake, is cited as the founder of this tendency, although he always maintained firmed adherence to Marxist–Leninist teachings and did not seek to create a new tendency. The term "Hoxhaism" is mostly used by outsiders, with "Hoxhaists" seldom using the term itself and largely identifying with '''anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninism'''. | ||
Hoxhaism is best represented by the [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations]]. | Hoxhaism is best represented by the [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations]]. | ||
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Hoxhaism is distinguished from other stands of [[communism]] by its adherence to the works of Enver Hoxha, particularly during and after the [[Sino-Albanian split]] in the 1970s. Before this event, Hoxha was generally supportive of [[Mao Zedong]] and the [[Communist Party of China|CPC]].{{Efn|However, according to Hoxha, the Albanian communists never adopted [[Mao Zedong Thought]] or considered Mao himself to be a "[[Classics of Marxism|classic]]" of Marxism.}} Enver Hoxha called [[Mao Zedong Thought]] an "anti-Marxist theory" after the split.<ref>Enver Hoxha (1978). [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch6.htm ''Imperialism and the Revolution'', Part II., Ch. 3, "Mao Tsetung Thought — An Anti-Marxist Theory"]. Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.</ref> | Hoxhaism is distinguished from other stands of [[communism]] by its adherence to the works of Enver Hoxha, particularly during and after the [[Sino-Albanian split]] in the 1970s. Before this event, Hoxha was generally supportive of [[Mao Zedong]] and the [[Communist Party of China|CPC]].{{Efn|However, according to Hoxha, the Albanian communists never adopted [[Mao Zedong Thought]] or considered Mao himself to be a "[[Classics of Marxism|classic]]" of Marxism.}} Enver Hoxha called [[Mao Zedong Thought]] an "anti-Marxist theory" after the split.<ref>Enver Hoxha (1978). [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch6.htm ''Imperialism and the Revolution'', Part II., Ch. 3, "Mao Tsetung Thought — An Anti-Marxist Theory"]. Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.</ref> | ||
Anti-revisionism is a core part of Hoxhaism. Enver Hoxha developed a conception of a revisionist state as being one in which [[ | Anti-revisionism is a core part of Hoxhaism. Enver Hoxha developed a conception of a revisionist state as being one in which [[capitalism]] is restored from the top-down, with [[social-fascism]] being the home policy and [[social-imperialism]] the foreign policy. Hoxha considered the [[Soviet Union]] a capitalist [[dictatorship of the bourgeoisie]] after 1956.<ref>Enver Hoxha (1969). [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/1969/01/10.htm ''The Demagogy of the Soviet Revisionists Cannot Conceal Their Traitorous Countenance'']. Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.</ref> | ||
Enver Hoxha, in his ''magnum opus'' ''[[Imperialism and the Revolution]]'' (1978), stated that the world was being divided up between two rival [[Imperialism|imperialists]], the [[United States]] and revisionist Soviet Union, with [[China]] being an emergent social-imperialist power.<ref>Enver Hoxha (1978). [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch5.htm ''Imperialism and the Revolution'', Part II., Ch. 2, "China's Plan to Become a Superpower"]. Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.</ref> Hoxha believed that both imperialist camps must be regarded equally as the enemies of the proletariat. In the modern day, Hoxhaists regard the world as being divided between the US-led camp and Russia/China-led camp.<ref>[https://cipoml.net/en/the-fundamental-contradictions-of-our-era-are-sharpening-and-the-current-scenario-offers-more-favourable-conditions-for-the-revolutionary-activity-of-our-parties/ "The fundamental contradictions of our era are sharpening, and the current scenario offers more favourable conditions for the revolutionary activity of our parties"] (December 24, 2025). ''cipoml.net''.</ref> | Enver Hoxha, in his ''magnum opus'' ''[[Imperialism and the Revolution]]'' (1978), stated that the world was being divided up between two rival [[Imperialism|imperialists]], the [[United States]] and revisionist Soviet Union, with [[China]] being an emergent social-imperialist power.<ref>Enver Hoxha (1978). [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hoxha/works/imp_rev/imp_ch5.htm ''Imperialism and the Revolution'', Part II., Ch. 2, "China's Plan to Become a Superpower"]. Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.</ref> Hoxha believed that both imperialist camps must be regarded equally as the enemies of the proletariat. In the modern day, Hoxhaists regard the world as being divided between the US-led camp and [[Russia]]/China-led camp.<ref>[https://cipoml.net/en/the-fundamental-contradictions-of-our-era-are-sharpening-and-the-current-scenario-offers-more-favourable-conditions-for-the-revolutionary-activity-of-our-parties/ "The fundamental contradictions of our era are sharpening, and the current scenario offers more favourable conditions for the revolutionary activity of our parties"] (December 24, 2025). ''cipoml.net''.</ref> | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
Latest revision as of 00:40, 17 August 2026
Hoxhaism[a] is a term for a Marxist–Leninist strand of anti-revisionism which rejects Mao Zedong and Maoism as revisionist and maintains firm adherence to the teachings of Joseph Stalin. Enver Hoxha, its namesake, is cited as the founder of this tendency, although he always maintained firmed adherence to Marxist–Leninist teachings and did not seek to create a new tendency. The term "Hoxhaism" is mostly used by outsiders, with "Hoxhaists" seldom using the term itself and largely identifying with anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninism.
Hoxhaism is best represented by the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations.
Description
Hoxhaism is distinguished from other stands of communism by its adherence to the works of Enver Hoxha, particularly during and after the Sino-Albanian split in the 1970s. Before this event, Hoxha was generally supportive of Mao Zedong and the CPC.[b] Enver Hoxha called Mao Zedong Thought an "anti-Marxist theory" after the split.[1]
Anti-revisionism is a core part of Hoxhaism. Enver Hoxha developed a conception of a revisionist state as being one in which capitalism is restored from the top-down, with social-fascism being the home policy and social-imperialism the foreign policy. Hoxha considered the Soviet Union a capitalist dictatorship of the bourgeoisie after 1956.[2]
Enver Hoxha, in his magnum opus Imperialism and the Revolution (1978), stated that the world was being divided up between two rival imperialists, the United States and revisionist Soviet Union, with China being an emergent social-imperialist power.[3] Hoxha believed that both imperialist camps must be regarded equally as the enemies of the proletariat. In the modern day, Hoxhaists regard the world as being divided between the US-led camp and Russia/China-led camp.[4]
Further reading
- "A Brief Guide to Hoxhaism" (June 11, 2011) by Red Star Vanguard
See also
References
- ↑ Enver Hoxha (1978). Imperialism and the Revolution, Part II., Ch. 3, "Mao Tsetung Thought — An Anti-Marxist Theory". Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.
- ↑ Enver Hoxha (1969). The Demagogy of the Soviet Revisionists Cannot Conceal Their Traitorous Countenance. Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.
- ↑ Enver Hoxha (1978). Imperialism and the Revolution, Part II., Ch. 2, "China's Plan to Become a Superpower". Available on the Marxists Internet Archive.
- ↑ "The fundamental contradictions of our era are sharpening, and the current scenario offers more favourable conditions for the revolutionary activity of our parties" (December 24, 2025). cipoml.net.
Notes
- ↑ Albanian: Hoxhaizmi.
- ↑ However, according to Hoxha, the Albanian communists never adopted Mao Zedong Thought or considered Mao himself to be a "classic" of Marxism.